Papillomas occur in the form of skin growths formed as a result of an abnormal division of the epithelium caused by the papillomavirus.Typically, neoplasms do not cause pain or discomfort.They occur anywhere on the body and head, including intimate places and mucous membranes of internal organs.The appearance of a skin papilloma depends on its type: flat, vulgar, simple, plantar.Treatment is prescribed based on the results of the PCR analysis.
Mechanism of development of the disease.
Papilloma is considered a benign tumor that forms on the skin or mucous membranes after HPV (human papillomavirus) enters the body.The external description of growth depends on its type.Dermatologists include the presence of a stalk as a common feature.Most often, papillomas are round or oval in shape.Types of tumors by size:
- little;
- average;
- big;
- gigantic.
The texture of the growths is relatively loose and soft.More often, blood vessels are visible on its surface.The general color is flesh color or white.Old growths have a dry but dense texture with bubbles.
The types of papillomas on the body differ depending on the type of HPV.The main routes of infection of the virus are sexual, birth and contact.
Its activation occurs in the following cases:
- weakening of the immune system;
- influence of external factors;
- exacerbation of gastrointestinal diseases;
- prolonged use of oral contraceptives.
Classification principles
Papillomas can appear anywhere on the body: arms, legs, face, shoulders, back, stomach, genitals.HPV is a microorganism with hundreds of strains that cause the appearance of various growths on the skin and papillomas.They differ from each other in appearance, growth rate and location.Taking into account the type of HPV, a treatment method is selected and the risk of tumor degeneration into cancer is assessed.
The main types of papillomas that occur in adults and children:
- simple;
- plant;
- department;
- like a thread
Simple, vulgar or ordinary growths appear on the body due to HPV strains 26-29, 41, 63 and 77. These papillomas develop into cancer more often than others.The disease is accompanied by burning and tingling.After a while, the skin becomes rough and the color darkens.
The size of the vulgar growth in the first stage of the disease does not exceed 1 mm, and in the last it reaches several centimeters in diameter.Most often, these papillomas appear on the fingers and palms.They can develop on the skin of children and adults in the form of a single or multiple cluster.
Plant and plan
Plantar growths appear on the feet due to HPV types 1, 2 and 4.They are similar to calluses, but do not have a skin pattern.The disease is most often detected in young children.In the first stage after infection, a lump appears and then small bubbles that turn into growths.The process is called mosaic papillomatosis in dermatology.
If formations appear on the skin that slightly protrude above the skin, a diagnosis of flat papillomas is made.They have a round shape.They are most frequently detected on the face, near the lips and on the genitals.In women, the formation can be localized on the cervix.
Virus types 7 and 2 cause a filamentous form of the disease.In this case, the growths have a thin stem of an elongated or elongated shape.In the first stage, a small lump is diagnosed that gradually stretches.She is prone to injuries.A similar disease is detected in people over 40 years of age.
Pointed papillomas are seen on the body as a flesh-colored or pink papillary formation.
The pathology develops against the background of those types of HPV that are transmitted sexually.Therefore, they are located in the groin, perineum and anus.The disease progresses rapidly and often recurs.
Warts and papillomas
Against the background of the activation of different types of HPV, 3 different benign neoplasms appear on a person's skin: warts, condylomata of the acuminate type and papillomas.Warts have no clear boundaries.Its size does not exceed 1 cm in diameter.They appear in open areas of the body: fingers, knees.
Papillomas with a soft structure and a flat base cause burning and tingling.Soft lumps may appear.Its maximum size is 1.5 cm.In color they are gray, flesh-colored and yellowish.
Unlike warts, papillomas grow in closed areas of the body (thighs, mammary glands, under the arms).The peculiarity of condylomas is associated with their localization: these are the mucous membranes.Externally, they appear in the form of papillary growths, when they fuse a tumor is formed.
Comprehensive diagnosis
If a growth appears, it is recommended to consult a gynecologist, urologist or dermatologist.After examining the patient, colposcopy, PCR, cytology and other techniques are prescribed.The first technique is carried out when examining the cervix.For colposcopy, a special device is used to examine the mucous membrane of the reproductive organ.
Other diagnostic methods:
- Cytology.If modified cells are detected in the smear, the doctor confirms HPV.
- Try Digene.This precise method detects the concentration, type and oncogenicity of the virus.The material is obtained by scraping the mucous membrane of the urethra or vagina.It is carried out in combination with cytology.
- PCR.The material used is mucosal smears, urine and blood.The technique consists of identifying the DNA of the virus.
therapeutic techniques
Surgical removal of papillomas is indicated if they become injured, inflamed, or turn into cancer.If the growths are small, complex drug treatment is indicated.To strengthen the immune system, immunostimulants and antiviral drugs are taken to destroy HPV.To kill the cells that form the growths, cytostatics are taken.External therapy can be carried out with special solutions and ointments.The choice of drug depends on the type of HPV identified and the symptoms.
If the size of the growth exceeds 1 cm, cancer is suspected and surgical treatment is prescribed.The removal method depends on the characteristics of the disease.The surgery is performed under local anesthesia.The manipulation lasts up to 15 minutes.Other ways to remove growths:
- Nitrogen cryodestruction.The effect on the papilloma lasts up to 20 seconds.After the procedures, the skin turns white and gradually disappears.The process is accompanied by burning and tingling.The technique is effective for the appearance of growths on the eyelids and small joints.Ointments are used to prevent relapses.
- Laser.The beam affects the problem area for one minute.30 minutes after the first manipulation the skin turns red.After a few days the scab disappears.It will take 2 weeks for complete healing.To speed up the healing process, it is recommended to treat the skin with an anti-inflammatory ointment.
- Electrocoagulation.Electrical current is used to remove the buildup.The manipulation is carried out using a special apparatus.Dry the base of growth.Due to the sealing of the vessels with current, bleeding does not occur.The recovery period lasts 10 days.
Prevention and prognosis
To prevent HPV infection, in addition to vaccination, it is recommended to lead a decent sex life, quickly treat all diseases and take vitamin complexes.If you suspect a wartEffective antiviral agents are used..Each type of virus has a different result.
A negative prognosis is observed for virus type 18. The disease can last up to five years and then develop into cancer.Metastases spread rapidly throughout the body.The tumor progresses aggressively and grows deeply towards the genital organs.
HPV type 16 has a favorable prognosis.In this case, there is a possibility of relapse.For types 58-59, the result is negative, since 2 years after treatment the disease reappears and immediately becomes malignant.Cancer caused by these HPVs quickly leads to death.